Affect is an internal state that, in combination with cognition and motivation, determines decision-making. It can include emotions, mood and interpersonal stances (Gadarian & Brader in Huddy et al., 2023; Ortony, 2022; Scherer 2005). Some theories, such as hot cognition theory (Bakker et al., 2021) or, to some extent, affective intelligence theory (Gadarian & Brader, 2023) establish a temporal distinction of affect preceding cognition and, hence, conceptualise affective responses as immediate, uncontrollable physiological reactions to stimuli. In contrast, affect can also be more broadly considered as a process of the mind running parallel to and interacting with cognition (Maor & Capelos, 2023). In research, affect and emotion are oftentimes used interchangeably which, depending on the focus of the study, is not always problematic. Affectivity is the experience of affect.